SOME PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES WITH THE YEAR THEY WERE CREATED, THE PEOPLE WHO CREATE THEM AND THE PURPOSE OF THEIR CREATION

Programming Language	Year Created	Creator(s)	Purpose of Creation
Java	1995	James Gosling	General Purpose programming language, used to create many variety of application for different computing platforms.
C++	1983	Bjarne Stroustrup	General purpose programming language, used to create large programs and performance critical systems.
C	1972	Dennis Ritchie	General Purpose programming language, but mostly used today for system programming.
Python	1991	Guido Van Rossum	General Purpose but mostly used for research and scientific programming.
PHP	1995	Rasmus Lerdorf	Web scripting language, used to create scripts that run on web server.
Ruby	1995	Yukihiro Matsumoto	General Purpose programming language Can be used in Web Development.
Lisp	1958	John McCarthy	Artificial Intelligence.
Clojure	2007	Rich Hickey	General Purpose programming with tight Java Integration.
Visual Basic	1991	Microsoft Corp., Alan Cooper created the drag and drop design.	Creating GUI applications for Windows.
C#	2000	Microsoft Corp. with Anders Hejlsberg as chief designer.	Creating general applications for Windows Operating System.
Lua	1993	Roberto Lerusalimschy	Used as scripting language by Game Programmers.
Perl	1987	Larry Wall	General Purpose programming language, used as glue language in tying different systems.
MATLAB	1984	MathWorks	Numerical Computing.
Fortran	1957	John Backus	Numerical Computing.
COBOL	1959	Howard Bromberg, Howard Discount, Vernon Reeves, Jean E. Sammet, William Selden and Gertrude Tierney.	Business Applications.
Pascal	1970	Niklaus Wirth	Academic Fields
Tcl	1988	John Ousterhout	Rapid prototyping and embedded systems.
F#	2005	Don Syme	Mostly used as cross-platform CLI language.
JavaScript	1995	Brendan Eich	Creating scripts that run on client browser.
Erlang	1986	Ericsson	Mostly used for concurrent programming.
Objective-C	1983	Brad Cox and Tom Love	Creating application iOS and OS X

WHICH ONE SHOULD I LEARN FIRST BETWEEN C AND C ++?

This question is very nice, it is like someone who is aspiring to be a car driver asking should he start learning car on his own or should he go to Driving School. Here, learning car on your own means learning C++ while going to driving school means learning C. However, it all depends on how prepared you are.

C and C++ are two popular and powerful programming languages that you can use to create much kind of applications, while the former is easier the latter is more powerful. Some programmers recommend learning C before C++ as it helps someone to have insight of the more difficult C++. However, some programmers recommend taking bull by the horn and just going for C++. 

The support of Object-Oriented Programming is what makes C++ more powerful than C, and you can create almost anything with C++ that is written in C. The power of C comes from the ability of the language to interact easily with hardware. Hence, C is almost mainly used today to write applications that are very close to the hardware and to program Embedded Systems like Traffic Light, MP3 Players, and Smart Watches etc.

As I said earlier it all depends on how prepared you are and why do you want to learn one of the two languages. If you want to learn all the two I recommend you start with C first then move to C++.

C++ UNIT CONVERTER

Below is the Source Code of a C++ Unit Converter I wrote couple of weeks ago. I use Object-Oriented approach in creating the converter, and it is also not a GUI app it runs on command prompt.

The first source code is the header file; the class that contains all the conversion functions is defined in the header file.

The Header File

class unit_conversion{
public:
double secondToMinute(double x);
double minuteToSecond(double x);
double secondToHour(double x);
double hourToSecond(double x);
double minuteToHour(double x);
double hourToMinute(double x);
double meterToKilometer(double x);
double kilometerToMeter(double x);
double hectToSqmet(double x);
double sqmetToHect(double x);
double acreToSqmet(double x);
double sqmetToAcre(double x);
double celToFah(double x);
double fahToCel(double x);
double kelToCel(double x);
double celToKel(double x);
double meterToYard(double x);
double yardToMeter(double x);
double meterToInch(double x);
double inchToMeter(double x);
double mileToKilometer(double x);
double kilometerToMile(double x);
double literToGallon(double x);
double gallonToLiter(double x);
double literToCube(double x);
double cubeToLitre(double x);
double literToPint(double x);
double pintToLiter(double x);
double literToGill(double x);
double gillToLiter(double x);
double kilogramToTonne(double x);
double tonneToKilogeam(double x);
double kilogramToOunce(double x);
double ounceToKilogram(double x);
double kilogramToPound(double x);
double poundToKilogram(double x);
double kilogramToSlug(double x);
double slugToKilogram(double x);

private:
//double input;

};

double unit_conversion::secondToMinute(double x){
return x/60;
}

double unit_conversion::minuteToSecond(double x){
return x * 60;
}

double unit_conversion::secondToHour(double x){
return x/3600;
}

double unit_conversion::hourToSecond(double x){
return x * 3600;
}

double unit_conversion::minuteToHour(double x){
return x/60;
}

double unit_conversion::hourToMinute(double x){
return x * 60;
}

double unit_conversion::meterToKilometer(double x){
return x/1000;
}

double unit_conversion::kilometerToMeter( double x){
return x * 1000;
}

double unit_conversion::hectToSqmet(double x){
return x * 10000;
}

double unit_conversion::sqmetToHect(double x){
return x/10000;
}

double unit_conversion::acreToSqmet(double x){
return x * 4046.856422;
}

double unit_conversion::sqmetToAcre(double x){
return x/4046.856422;
}

double unit_conversion::celToFah(double x){
return (x * 9/5) + 32;
}

double unit_conversion::fahToCel(double x){
return (x - 32) * 5/9;
}

double unit_conversion::kelToCel(double x){
return x - 273.15;
}

double unit_conversion::celToKel(double x){
return x + 273.15;
}

double unit_conversion::meterToYard(double x){
return x / 0.9144;
}

double unit_conversion::yardToMeter(double x){
return x * 0.9144;
}

double unit_conversion::meterToInch(double x){
return x / 0.0254;
}

double unit_conversion::inchToMeter(double x){
return x * 0.0254;
}

double unit_conversion::mileToKilometer(double x){
return x / 0.62137;
}

double unit_conversion::kilometerToMile(double x){
return x * 0.62137;
}

double unit_conversion::literToGallon(double x){
return x / 4.546; // gallon is in UK conversion
}

double unit_conversion::gallonToLiter(double x){
return x * 4.546;  // gallon is in UK conversion
}

double unit_conversion::literToCube(double x){
return x / 1000;
}

double unit_conversion::cubeToLitre(double x){
return x * 1000;
}

double unit_conversion::literToPint(double x){
return x / 0.568; //pint is in UK Conversion
}

double unit_conversion::pintToLiter(double x){
return x * 0.568; //pint is in UK Conversion
}

double unit_conversion::literToGill(double x){
return x / 0.142;
}

double unit_conversion::gillToLiter(double x){
return x * 0.142;
}

double unit_conversion::kilogramToTonne(double x){
return x / 1000;
}

double unit_conversion::tonneToKilogeam(double x){
return x * 1000;
}

double unit_conversion::kilogramToOunce(double x){
return x / 0.0283495;
}

double unit_conversion::ounceToKilogram(double x){
return x * 0.0283495;
}

double unit_conversion::kilogramToPound(double x){
return x / 0.45;
}

double unit_conversion::poundToKilogram(double x){
return x * 0.45;
}

double unit_conversion::kilogramToSlug(double x){
return x / 14.6;
}

double unit_conversion::slugToKilogram(double x){
return x * 14.6;

}


The Main Program Source File

#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "conversion.h"

using namespace std;

int user_selection = 99;
double value;

int main(){

unit_conversion converter;

cout << "THE UNIT CONVERTER" << endl;
while (user_selection != 0)
{
cout << "\n";
cout << "Enter 1 For Time Conversion\n";
cout << "Enter 2 For Area Conversion\n";
cout << "Enter 3 For Temperature Conversion\n";
cout << "Enter 4 For Volume Conversion\n";
cout << "Enter 5 For Length Conversion\n";
cout << "Enter 6 For Mass Conversion\n";
cout << "Enter 0 To Exit\n";
cin >> user_selection;

if(user_selection == 1)//Time Conversion Block
{
system("CLS");
cout << '\n';

while(user_selection != 9)
{
cout << "Enter 1 For Second To Minute\n";
cout << "Enter 2 For Minute To Second\n";
cout << "Enter 3 For Second To Hour\n";
cout << "Enter 4 For Hour To Second\n";
cout << "Enter 5 For Minute To Hour\n";
cout << "Enter 6 For Hour To Minute\n";
cout << "Enter 9 To Go Back\n";
cin >> user_selection;

if(user_selection == 1) 
{
cout << "Enter The Second(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " Second(s) is " << converter.secondToMinute(value) << " Minute(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 2)
{
cout << "Enter The Minutes(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " Minute(s) is " << converter.minuteToSecond(value) << " Second(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 3)
{
cout << "Enter The Second(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " Second(s) is " << converter.secondToHour(value) << " Hour(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 4)
{
cout << "Enter The Hour(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " Hour(s) is " << converter.hourToSecond(value) << " Second(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 5)
{
cout << "Enter The Minute(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " Minute(s) is " << converter.minuteToHour(value) << " Hour(s) " << endl;
}
else if (user_selection == 6)
{
cout << "Enter The Hour(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " Hour(s) is " << converter.hourToMinute(value) << " Minute(s) " << endl;
}
}
}
else if(user_selection == 2) // Area Conversion Block
{
while(user_selection != 9)
{
cout << "Press 1 For Hectare To Square Meter \n";
cout << "Press 2 For Square Meter To Hectare \n";
cout << "Enter 3 For Acre to Square Meter \n";
cout << "Enter 4 For Square Meter To Acre \n";
cout << "Enter 9 To Go Back\n";
cin >> user_selection;
if(user_selection == 1)
{
cout << "Enter The Hectare(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " Hectare(s) is " << converter.hectToSqmet(value) << " Square Meter(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 2)
{
cout << "Enter The Square Meter(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout <<  value << " Square Meter(s) is " << converter.sqmetToHect(value) << " Hectare(s) " << endl;
}
else if (user_selection == 3)
{
cout << "Enter The Acres(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " Acre(s)  " << converter.acreToSqmet(value) << " Square Meter(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 4)
{
cout << "Enter The Square Meter(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " Square Meter(s) is " << converter.sqmetToAcre(value) << " Acre(s) " << endl;
}
}
}
else if(user_selection == 3) // Temperature Conversion Block
{
while(user_selection != 9)
{
cout << "Enter 1 For Celsius To Fahrenheit \n";
cout << "Enter 2 For Fahrenheit To Celsius \n";
cout << "Enter 3 For Celsius To Kelvin\n";
cout << "Enter 4 For Kelvin To Celsius\n";
cout << "Enter 9 To Go Back\n";
cin >> user_selection;

if(user_selection == 1)
{
cout << "Enter The Celsius: ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " Celsius is " << converter.celToFah(value) << " Fahrenheit " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 2)
{
cout << "Enter The Fahrenheit: ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " Fahrenheit is " << converter.fahToCel(value) << " Celsius " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 3)
{
cout << "Enter The Celsius: ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " Celsius is " << converter.celToKel(value) << " Kelvin " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 4)
{
cout << "Enter The Kelvin: ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " Kelvin is " << converter.kelToCel(value) << " Celsius " << endl;
}
}
}
else if(user_selection == 4) // Voluume Conversion Block
{
while(user_selection != 9)
{
cout << "Enter 1 For Liter To Gallon\n";
cout << "Enter 2 For Gallon To Liter\n";
cout << "Enter 3 For Liter To Cube\n";
cout << "Enter 4 For Cube To Liter\n";
cout << "Enter 5 For Liter To Pint\n";
cout << "Enter 6 For Pint To Liter\n";
cout << "Enter 7 For Liter To Gill\n";
cout << "Enter 8 For Gill To Liter\n";
cout << "Enter 9 To Go Back\n";
cin >> user_selection;

if(user_selection == 1)
{
cout << "Enter Liter(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " liter(s) is " << converter.literToGallon(value) << " gallon(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 2)
{
cout << "Enter Gallon(s): ";
cin >> value; 
cout << value << " gallon(s) is " << converter.gallonToLiter(value) << " liter(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 3)
{
cout << "Enter Liter(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " liter(s) is " << converter.literToCube(value) << " cube(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 4)
{
cout << "Enter Cube(s): "; // Cubic Centimeter
cin >> value;
cout << value << " cube(s) is " << converter.cubeToLitre(value) << " liter(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 5)
{
cout << "Enter Liter(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " liter(s) is " << converter.literToPint(value) << " pint(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 6)
{
cout << "Enter Pint(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " pint(s) is " << converter.pintToLiter(value) << " liter(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 7)
{
cout << "Enter Liter(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " liter(s) is " << converter.literToGill(value) << " gill(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 8)
{
cout << "Enter Gill(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " gill(s) is " << converter.gillToLiter(value) << " liter(s) " << endl;
}
}
}
else if(user_selection == 5) // Length Conversion Block
{
while(user_selection != 9)
{
cout << "Enter 1 For Meter To Kilometer\n";
cout << "Enter 2 For Kilometer To Meter\n";
cout << "Enter 3 For Meter To Yard\n";
cout << "Enter 4 For Yard To Meter\n";
cout << "Enter 5 For Meter To Inch\n";
cout << "Enter 6 For Inch To Meter\n";
cout << "Enter 7 For Mile To Kilometer\n";
cout << "Enter 8 For Kilometer To Mile\n";
cout << "Enter 9 To Go Back\n";
cin >> user_selection;

if(user_selection == 1)
{
cout << "Enter Meter(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " meter(s) is " << converter.meterToKilometer(value) << " kilometer(s)" << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 2)
{
cout << "Enter Kilometer(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " kilometer(s) is " << converter.kilometerToMeter(value) << " meter(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 3)
{
cout << "Enter Meter(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " meter(s) is " << converter.meterToYard(value) << " yard(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 4)
{
cout << "Enter Yard(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " yard(s) is " << converter.yardToMeter(value) << " meter(s) " << endl;
}
else if (user_selection == 5)
{
cout << "Enter Meter(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " meter(s) is " << converter.meterToInch(value) << " inch(es) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 6)
{
cout << "Enter Inch(es): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " inch(es) is " << converter.inchToMeter(value) << " meter(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 7)
{
cout << "Enter Mile(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " mile(s) is " << converter.mileToKilometer(value) << " kilometer(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 8)
{
cout << "Enter Kilometer(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " kilometer(s) " << converter.kilometerToMile(value) << " mile(s) " << endl;
}
}
}
else if(user_selection == 6) // Mass Vonversion Block
{
while(user_selection != 9)
{
cout << "Enter 1 For Kilogram To Tonne\n";
cout << "Enter 2 For Tonne To Kilogram\n";
cout << "Enter 3 For Kilogram To Ounce\n";
cout << "Enter 4 For Ounce To Kilogram\n";
cout << "Enter 5 For Kilogram To Pound\n";
cout << "Enter 6 For Pound To Kilogram\n";
cout << "Enter 7 For Kilogram To Slug\n";
cout << "Enter 8 For Slug To Kilogram\n";
cout << "Enter 9 To Go Back\n";
cin >> user_selection;

if(user_selection == 1)
{
cout << "Enter Kilogram(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " kilogram(s) is " << converter.kilogramToTonne(value) << " tonne(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 2)
{
cout << "Enter Tonne(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " tonne(s) is " << converter.tonneToKilogeam(value) << " kilogram(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 3)
{
cout << "Enter Kilogram(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " kilogram(s) is " << converter.kilogramToOunce(value) << " ounce(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 4)
{
cout << "Enter Ounce(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " ounce(s) is " << converter.ounceToKilogram(value) << " kilogram(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 5)
{
cout << "Enter Kilogram(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " kilogram(s) is " << converter.kilogramToPound(value) << " pound(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 6)
{
cout << "Enter Pound(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " pound(s) is " << converter.poundToKilogram(value) << " kilogram(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 7)
{
cout << "Enter Kilogram(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " kilogram(s) is " << converter.kilogramToSlug(value) << " slug(s) " << endl;
}
else if(user_selection == 8)
{
cout << "Enter Slug(s): ";
cin >> value;
cout << value << " slug(s) is " << converter.slugToKilogram(value) << " kilogram(s) " << endl;
}
}
}
}
}